Тест past perfect, present perfect

Present Perfect Uses

The present perfect has 2 main uses:

1. Actions in the past with no specific time
2. Actions in the past that continue into the present

No Specific Time

Present perfect is for actions in the past with no time. This could be for a number of reasons:

• Time is unknown
• Time is not important
• The action has happened many times

Let’s think about a few examples.

• He has found his keys.
• I have gone to New York City 3 times.
• I have not finished my project.
• We have seen that movie many times.

In this example, it is not important when he found his keys. We only care he found them.

This example shows an action that has happened many times. Because the present perfect has no specific time, it is not used with time phrases. These examples are incorrect.

• I have eaten lunch yesterday.
• She has taken an English class last year.

In a situation with a specific time, use the simple past. For example:

• I ate lunch yesterday.
• She took an English class last year.

Actions that Continue to the Present

Some actions start in the past, but they continue in the present. This is shown with the present perfect.

Examples:

I have lived in Paris for 3 years.

(I live in Paris now.)

She has worked as a teacher since 2003.

(She started to teach in 2003. She is a teacher now.)

I have been a student at this school for 2 years.

(I am still a student.)

Комплексные упражнения на использование Present Perfect Simple.

Упражнение 11. Заполните письмо Джейн глаголами в Present Perfect. Complete Jane’s letter to her American friend. Use the Present Perfect Tense.

Dear Amy

I _____ (1 not have) a letter from you for a long time. _____ (2 you lose) my address? I bought the new Steps CD at the weekend. I _____ (3 already listen) to it. _____ (4 you hear) it yet? It’s brilliant. There’s a new video too, but I _____ (5 not see) it yet.

School is going OK. I _____ (6 just finish) some exams, but the holidays _____ (7 not start) yet. We’re going to Ireland. I _____ (8 never be) there.

Write soon with your news.

Love

Jane

Упражнение 12. Ник готовится к путешествию. Он собирается навестить бабушку.

Ознакомьтесь со списком дел, которые ник планирует сделать до отъезда. Напишите, что он уже сделал, а что нет. Используйте alreadyи yet. Nick is getting ready to travel. He is going to visit his Granny. Read the list of things he must do before travelling. Write what he has done and what he hasn’t done.

THINGS TO DO

• to pack the suitcases (+)
• to water the flowers (+)
• to take my library book back
• to say ‘good-bye’ to Nigel (+)
• to clean my shoes
• to call Granny (+)
• to buy some food and drinks (+)
• to clean the parrot’s cage
• to change the water for the fish
• to buy a present for Granny (+)

Ответы.

Упражнение 1

base form	past simple	past participle
buy do eat lose run swim take win write	bought did ate lost ran swam took won wrote	bought done eaten lost run swum taken won written

Упражнение 2

1 has finished, 2 has scored, 3 have watched, 4 has run, 5 has bought, 6 have lost, 7 has written, 8 have eaten, 9 have watched, 10 have started, 11 has studied, 12 has dropped, 13 has rained, 14 have had, 15 have known, 16 have lived, 17 has had, 18 has lived.

Упражнение 3

1 have not cleaned, 2 haven’t started, 3 have not done, 4 hasn’t won, 5 haven’t seen, 6 haven’t invited, 7 has not washed, 8 haven’t tidied, 9 haven’t finished, 10 have not visited, 11 haven’t seen, 12 hasn’t taken, 13 has not played. 

Упражнение 4.

1. for two weeks
2. since last summer
3. since my childhood
4. for ages

Упражнение 5

1  since, 2 for, 3 for, 4 since, 5 since, 6 since

Упражнение 6.

1. Kate has been in bed for a long time.
2. She hasn’t eaten anything since this morning.
3. She hasn’t seen her friends for a week.
4. She has stayed at home since Tuesday.
5. She has had a red nose for three days.
6. She has not played basketball since last week.
7. She has not done any school work since Monday.

Упражнение 7.

1. Has Zena seen a film? Yes, she has.
2. Have Zork and Zena spoken English? Yes, they have.
3. Has Zork swum in the sea? No, he hasn’t.
4. Has Zena visited the Acropolis? Yes, she has.
5. Have Zork and Zena driven a car? No, they haven’t.

Упражнение 8.

Вопросы:

Have you ever…

1. skied?
2. won money?
3. had a dream?
4. broken a leg?
5. gone to a concert?

Ответы Ваши собственные.

Упражнение 9.

1 have you trained, 2 have you played, 3 have you won, 4 have, 5 have you lost, 6 have you had, 7 haven’t.

Упражнение 10.

1. How long has he been a teacher? He has been a teacher since September.
2. How long have they worked in a shop? They have worked in a shop since 1992.
3. How long has she known Robbie Williams? She has known him for six month.
4. How long have you got a new car. We have got a new car for two weeks.

Упражнение 11.

1 haven’t had, 2 have you lost, 3 have already listened, 4 have you heard 5 haven’t seen, 6 have just finished, 7 haven’t started, 8 have never been

Упражнение 12

Nick has already packed the suitcases (+)

Nick has already watered the flowers (+)

Nick hasn’t taken his library book back yet.

Nick has already said ‘good-bye’ to Nigel (+)

Nick hasn’t  cleaned his shoes yet.

Nick has already called his Granny (+)

Nick has already bought some food and drinks (+)

Nick hasn’t cleaned the parrot’s cage yet.

Nick hasn’t changed the water for the fish yet.

Nick has already bought a present for his Granny (+)

Надеюсь, упражнения на отработку английского времени Present Perfect Simple понравились вам и оказались полезными.

Present Perfect Mistakes

Watch out for these common mistakes when you are using the present perfect.

Not using the proper form of the verb

• I have went to the park.
• She has ate dinner.

Present perfect always uses a past participle.

• I have gone to the park.
• She has eaten dinner.

Also, watch out for mistakes with irregular verbs.

• I have boughten a jacket. (bought)
• She has flied in an airplane. (flown)

Using the present perfect with a specific time

• I have visited Toronto last year.
• Yuri has watched the movie yesterday.

Remember: Present perfect never uses a specific time. That is simple past.

Not using ever and never properly

• Did you ever see that movie?
• I have ever heard that song.
• Have you never gone to California?

If you would like to practice more with the present perfect, you can also try the free tests at learnEnglish-online:

More Grammar Lessons and Tests

Improve your English grammar with more lessons and exercises. Click on the links below to learn and practice.

• Adjectives
• Articles
• Conditionals
• Countable and Uncountable Nouns
• Gerunds and Infinitives
• Modal Verbs
• Passive Voice
• Prepositions
• Pronouns
• Questions
• Rather and Prefer
• Subject Verb Agreement
• Used To
• Verb Tenses

Exercise 5. Сделайте из данных предложений отрицательные.

1. She has found a wallet on the road.
2. We have tidied our country house.
3.  The weather has changed.
4. Liz has left you a note.
5. They have moved to another hotel.
6.  I have caught a big fish.
7.  Pupils have learned this poem.
8.  Mike has booked the tickets for us.
9.  The plane has landed.
10.  The doctor has prescribed some medicine.

Answers: 1. She hasn’t found a wallet on the road. 2.We haven’t tidied our cottage house. 3.The weather hasn’t changed. 4. Liz hasn’t left you a note. 5.They haven’t moved to another hotel. 6. I haven’t caught a big fish. 7. Pupils haven’t learned this poem. 8. Mike hasn’t booked the tickets for us. 9. The plane hasn’t landed. 10. The doctor hasn’t prescribed some medicine.

Случаи употребления Present Perfect

Мы разделили правила употребления Present Perfect на три уровня сложности: простые, чуть сложнее и сложные. Если сложно запомнить все и сразу, запомните сначала простые примеры настоящего совершенного времени.

Простые случаи употребления Present Perfect

Действие совершилось в прошлом или недавнем прошлом (не важно точное время), и виден результат (а вот результат очень важен)

Bob has bought a house. — Боб купил дом

(Боб купил его в прошлом, не так важно — когда именно. Зато важен результат — новый дом)
I know Mary. We have already met. — Я знаю Мэри. Мы уже встречались. (Познакомились в прошлом, и вот он результат — мы знаем друг друга)
Mary has lost her wallet, she can’t pay the bill. — Мэри потеряла кошелек, и теперь не может оплатить счет. (Результат потери кошелька в прошлом влияет на настоящее — Мэри не платежеспособна).
Действие произошло в незаконченный период времени — this week (на этой неделе), this morning (сегодня утром), today (сегодня)

This week we have watched 5 episodes. — На этой неделе мы посмотрели 5 серий. (Неделя еще не закончилась, кто знает — сколько еще серий мы посмотрим)
Today I have visited the dentist. — Сегодня я посетил зубного врача. (Я уже это сделал, но сегодня еще не закончилось) 
Опыт, который с вами случился. Как-будто вы говорите «У меня есть опыт изучения английского»

Have you ever been to Russia? — Ты был когда-нибудь в России?
Mary has been to Moscow. — Мэри была в Москве.
I have never eaten noodles. — Я никогда не ел лапшу.
Bob has studied English. — Боб учил английский

Чуть более сложные случаи употребления Present Perfect Изменения, которые произошли с течением времени The child has grown since the last time I saw him. — Ребенок вырос с прошлого раза, когда я его видел. The humanity has become more aware about global warming. — Человечество стало больше знать о глобальном потеплении.  Незавершенное действие, которое вы ожидаете Students have not finished the task yet. — Студенты все еще не закончили домашнюю работу. Bob has still not arrived. — Боб все еще не приехал. Достижения, которые не привязаны к конкретному времени Doctors have cured many deadly diseases. — Доктора вылечили много смертельных заболеваний. Mary has learnt how to drive. — Мэри научилась водить.  Действие, которое началось в прошлом, и все еще продолжается и актуально на сегодняшний момент Mary has known Bob since school. — Мэри знает Боба со школы.  Mary has been a teacher since 2000. — Мэри работает учителем с 2000 года. My sister has wanted to become a doctor since childhood. — Моя сестра хочет стать доктором с детства.  Отрицательные действия, которые мы не делали какое-то время Mary hasn’t heard from Bob for the last 2 months. — Мэри не слышала ничего от Боба последние 2 месяца. We haven’t been to London since last summer. — Мы не были в Лондоне с прошлого лета.

Сложные случаи употребления Present Perfect Новости, которые случились недавно. О самом событии мы говорим в Present Perfect, а рассказ о деталях продолжаем в Past Simple.  Mary has passed a driving test! First they asked her to turn left, then she drove 2 kilometers in the city and parked safely. — Мэри сдала экзамен по вождению! Сначала они попросили ее повернуть налево, потом она ехала 2 километра по городу и безопасно припарковалась.

Маркеры времени Present Perfect

Слова-маркеры, слова-якоря или вспомогательные слова указывают на время Present Perfect. Если вы хотите сказать или написать такое слово — скорее всего, все предложение будет в Present Perfect. 

А вот примеры с этими словами:

• Bob hasn’t arrived yet. — Боб еще не приехал.
• Mary has already passed a test. — Мэри уже сдала тест.
• Have you ever tried pizza? — Ты когда-либо ел пиццу?
• I have never been to London. — Я никогда не был в Лондоне.
• I have bought a new car recently. — Я купил новую машину недавно.
• Bob hasn’t heard from Mary lately. — Боб не слышал от Мэри ничего в последнее время. 

Вопросительные предложения в Present Perfect Tense. Упражнения.

Упражнение 7. Zork и Zena – инопланетяне, впервые прилетевшие на Землю. Они составили список дел. Напишите вопросы и ответы о том, что они уже сделали, а чего  пока  нет.

Пример:

Zork (eat) a hamburger?

Has  Zork eaten a hamburger?

Yes, he has.

 Zork and Zena (drink) a cola?   

Have Zork and Zena drunk a cola?

No, they haven’t.

1. Zena (see) a film?
2. Zork and Zena (speak) English?
3. Zork (swim) in the sea?
4. Zena (visit) the Acropolis?
5. Zork and Zena (drive) a car?

Упражнение 8. Напишите вопросы в Present Perfect, используя глаголы в скобках. Дайте правдивые ответы.

Пример:

(eat Italian food)

— Have you ever eaten Italian food?

— Lots of times.

1 (ski)

— ______________________

— ______________________

2 (win money)

— ______________________

— ______________________

3 (have a dream)

— ______________________

— ______________________

4 (break a leg)

— ______________________

— ______________________

5 (go to a concert)

— ______________________

— ______________________

Упражнение 9.  Дополните диалог вопросами и ответами в Present Perfect.

Reporter: (you do) Have you done a lot of training this year?

Trish:     Yes, I have. I have trained six times a week all year.

Reporter: Who ______________ (1 you train) with?

Trish: With my coach, and the team.

Reporter: Where ______________ (2 you play) this year?

Trish: Mostly in Britain. But we’ve also travelled to Holland.

Reporter : ______________ (3 you win)   many matches?

Trish: Yes, we (4) ______________      .

Reporter: And how many matches ______________ (5 you lose)?

Trish: Only three.

Reporter: That’s great. ______________ (6 you have) any injuries?

Trish: No, I ______________ (7)             .

Reporter: Thanks, Trish, and good luck.

Упражнение 10. Напишите вопросы с How long. Дополните ответы, используя for или since. Write questions with How long. Complete the answers with for or since.

Пример:

I live in London.

How long have you lived in London?

For three years.

1 He’s a teacher.

____________________

____________ September.

2 My parents work in a shop.

____________________

____________  1992.

3 My sister knows Robbie Williams.

____________________

_________ six months.

4 We’ve got a new car.

____________________

________ two weeks.

Exercise 4. В следующих предложениях измените время гла­гола на Present Perfect. Переведите предложения на русский язык.

1. The pupils are writing a dictation.
2.  My friend is helping me to solve a difficult problem.
3. I am learning a poem.
4.  She is telling them an interest­ing story.
5.  Kate is sweeping the floor.
6. The wait­er is putting a bottle of lemonade in front of him.
7. I am eating my breakfast.
8. We are drinking water.
9.  He is bringing them some meat and vege­tables.
10.  You are putting the dishes on the table.
11. They are having tea.
12. She is taking the dirty plates from the table.
13. The children are putting on their coats.
14. Susan is making a new dress for her birthday party.
15. She is opening a box of chocolates.
16. I am buying milk for milk shakes.
17. James is ordering a bottle of apple juice.
18.  We are looking for more CDs with good music.
19. Are you recording your favourite film on his video recorder?
20. I am translating a difficult article from German into Russian.

Answers: 1. have written. 2. has helped. 3. have learnt. 4. has told. 5. has swept. 6. has put. 7. have eaten. 8. have drunk. 9. has brought. 10. have put. 11. have had. 12. has taken. 13. have put on. 14. has made. 15. has opened. 16. have bought. 17. has ordered. 18. have looked. 19. have you recorded. 20. have translated.

Перевод: 1. Ученики написали диктант. 2. Мой друг помог мне решить трудную задачу. 3. Я выучил стихотворение. 4. Она рассказала им интересную историю. 5. Катя подмела пол. 6. Официант поставил перед ним бутылку лимонада. 7. Я позавтракал. 8. Мы выпили воды. 9. Он принес им мясо с овощами. 10. Ты поставил посуду на стол. 11. Они выпили чаю. 12. Она убрала со стола грязные тарелки. 13. Дети надели пальто. 14. Сюзанна сшила себе платье на день рождения. 15. Она открыла коробку шоколадных конфет. 16. Я купила молоко для молочного коктейля. 17. Джеймс заказал бутылочку яблочного сока. 18. Мы поискали побольше компакт-дисков с хорошей музыкой. 19. Ты записал свой любимый фильм на его видеомагнитофоне? 20. Я перевел трудную статью с немецкого языка на русский.

Exercise 2. Выберите правильный вариант.

1. I have/has watched this film.
2. We have began/begun the work.
3.  Den have/has done his homework.
4.  Molly has break/ broken her toy.
5.  Julia and Betty have/has cut the vegetables.
6.  He/we have paid for pizza.
7.  You have/has ironed this dress.
8.  Children have has/had supper.
9. I/she have switched off the light.
10.  Martin has went/gone.
11.  The girl has drew/drawn a nice picture.
12. You/he has returned from the trip.
13.  They have/has gathered the harvest.
14. She/they has packed the things.
15. We have chose/chosen the present.
16.  The train have/has arrived.

Answers: 1. have; 2. begun; 3. has; 4. broken; 5. have; 6. we; 7. have; 8. had; 9. I; 10. gone; 11. drawn; 12. he; 13. have; 14. She; 15. chosen; 16. has.

Утвердительные предложения в Present Perfect Tense. Упражнения.

Упражнение 2. Поставьте глаголы в скобках в Present Perfect.

1. He _____ (finish) training.
2. She _____ (score) twenty points in the match.
3. We _____ (watch) all the Champions League matches this season.
4. That’s amazing! She _____ (run)  fifteen kilometers this morning!
5. She _____  (buy)  some really nice rollerblades!
6. Oh, no! I  _____ (lose) my money!
7. My mum _____ (write) shopping list. It’s on the kitchen table.
8. Dad, you _____ (eat) my biscuit!
9. I’m tired. I  _____ (watch) three X-Files videos.
10. Hurry up! They  _____ (start) the film!
11. Mary  _____ (study) hard this year, so she’ll pass her exams.
12. Oh no! She  _____  (drop) the plate!
13. The garden is very green. It  _____ (rain) a lot this month.
14. These are my favourite trousers. I  _____ (have) them for five years.
15. Tom’s my best friend. I  _____ (know) him for three years.
16. They _____  (live) in Miami for two years.
17. Jo has earache. He  _____ (have) it since 7 o’clock.
18. Brad _____ (live) in Chicago since 1998.

Примеры вопросительных предложений и ответов

Чтобы составить вопрос в Present Perfect, нужно have/has вынести вперед, перед подлежащим. Например:

• He has done it (Он сделал это)
• Has he done it? (Он сделал это?)

Краткий ответ состоит из Yes + местоимение, заменяющее подлежащее + have / has. No + местоимение, заменяющее подлежащее + haven’t / hasn’t. Например:

• Have they arrived? — Yes, they have.  (Они приехали? — Да.)
• Has Nina called you? — No, she hasn’t. (Нина звонила тебе? — Нет.)

Специальный вопрос начинается с вопросительных слов Where, What, When, Why, How и тд.

Why has he done it? (Почему он это сделал?)

Вопрос	Перевод	Ответ	Перевод
Have you ever been to Paris?	Ты когда-либо был в Париже?	Yes, I have. / No, I haven’t.	Да / Нет
Have they invited you?	Они тебя пригласили?	Yes, they have. / No, they haven’t.	Да / Нет
Have you called Jane?	Ты позвонил Джейн?	Yes, I have. / No, I haven’t.	Да / Нет
Have we met before?	Мы раньше встречались?	Yes, we have. / No, we haven’t.	Да / Нет
Where have you put the bag?	Куда ты положил сумку?	On the sofa.	На диван.
Has she done her homework?	Она сделала домашнюю работу?	Yes, she has. / No, she hasn’t.	Да / Нет
Has he applied for University?	Он подал документы в университет?	Yes, he has. / No, he hasn’t.	Да / Нет
Has Kitty signed the contract?	Китти подписала контракт?	Yes, she has. / No, she hasn’t.	Да / Нет
Has the lesson started?	Урок начался?	Yes, it has. / No, it hasn’t.	Да / Нет
What presents has she bought?	Какие подарки она купила?	Toys and sweets.	Игрушки и сладости.

И напоследок, чтобы закрепить материал, советую вам посмотреть видео по всем трем видам предложений в Present Perfect:

Вам может быть интересно:

• Упражнения на Present Perfect с ответами
• Тест на Present Perfect
• Примеры предложений в Past Simple
• Примеры предложений в Present Simple

Exercise 7. Раскройте скобки, употребляя глаголы в требу­ющейся форме, так чтобы получить Present Con­tinuous или Present Perfect.

1. What’s the matter? Why he (to stop)?
2.  My cousin (to look) for a job, but he (not to find) a job yet.
3.  It (to be) impossible for her to feel at home here.
4. What you (to study) now?
5.  They just (to give) you a pay rise.
6.  Sophie is busy. She (to knit) a sweater for her grandson.
7.  You only (to have) a piece of cake? You (not to eat) much.
8.  People (to plant) carrots and tomatoes now.
9. You (to go) to plant tomatoes this year?
10.  Johnny, who finally (to find) a new job, (to give) a big party.
11.  How long you (to be) sick?
12.  You (to see) any good mov­ies recently?
13.  What you (to look) forward to?
14.  Nancy (to look) forward to this weekend.
15.  She (to go) to read Shakespeare and she (not to go) to think about work.
16. Mike (to leave) for work yet?
17. They (to pay) their electric bill this month?
18. How long you (to know) each other?
19. Your car (to make) strange noises. Is anything wrong?
20. The boy (to do) his homework and (to take) a karate lesson now.
21.  I (to have) dinner with my friends at the moment and I am very happy to see them again.
22. Jay never (to travel) overseas.
23. We always (to have) a dog and a cat. We love pets.
24. Larry never (to own) a sports car.

Answers: 1. Why has he stopped. 2. My cousin is looking, he hasn’t found. 3. It has been. 4. What are you studying. 5. They have just given you a pay rise. 6. She is knitting. 7. Have you only had, you haven’t eaten. 8. People are planting. 9. Are you going. 10. Johnny, who has finally found, is giving. 11. How long have you been. 2. Have you seen. 13. What are you looking. 14. Nancy is looking. 15. She is going, she is not going. 16. Has Mike left. 17. Have they paid. 18. How long have you known. 19. Your car is making. 20. The boy has done, is taking. 21. I am having. 22. Jay has never travelled. 23. We have always had. 24. Larry has never owned.

Exercise 8. Раскройте скобки, употребляя глаголы в Present Perfect или Past Simple.

1.  It (to be) very cold yesterday.
2. When you (to meet) him?
3. I (not to see) him since 1997.
4.  How many mushrooms you (to gather)?
5. Where you (to put) the newspaper? I want to read it, but cannot find it anywhere.
6.  The new school (to begin) work­ing last year.
7.  At last I (to do) all my homework: now I shall go out.
8.  The building of the house (to begin) early in April.
9. The rain (to stop) but a cold wind is still blowing.
10.  We already (to solve) the problem.
11. He (to come) a moment ago.
12.  I nev­er (to speak) to him.
13.  He just (to finish) his work.
14.  You (to make) any spelling mistakes in your dic­tation?
15.  What books you (to read) when you (to live) in the country?
16.  They (not yet to come) from the south.
17.  He (to be) ill last week, but now he (to recover).
18. If everybody (to read) this new nov­el, let’s discuss it.
19. You (to book) tickets? — Yes, I … . I (to book) them several days ago.
20.  I can hardly recognize you. I (not to see) you since you (to leave) for Moscow. And you (to change) so much.
21.  You (to read) all the books on this shelf?
22. I (not to see) my cousin since last year.
23.  Why you (to put) these things in the wrong place?
24. Why you (to leave) the door open? You will catch cold sitting in the draught.
25.  «We (not to meet) for such a long time!» said my friend. «Yes, indeed,»I answered, «and we both (to grow).»

Answers: 1. it was. 2. When did you meet. 3. I have not seen. 4. Have you gathered. 5. Where have you put. 6. The new school began working. 7. I have done. 8. The building of the house began. 9. The rain has stopped. 10. We have already solved. 11. He came. 12. I have never spoken. 13. He has just finished. 14. Have you made. 15. What books did you read, you lived. 16. They have not yet come. 17. He was, he has recovered. 18. Everybody has read. 19. Have you booked, I have, I booked 20. I have not seen, you left, you have changed. 21. Have you read. 22. I have not seen. 23. Why have you put. 24. Why have you left. 25. We have not met, we both have grown.

WELL DONE!

Литература:

1. Павличенко О.М. Английский язык. Грамматический практикум. II уровень. — 2-е изд., испр. и доп. — X.: Ранок, 2012. — 304 с.
2. Голицынский Ю.Б. Грамматика: Сборник упражнений. — 5-е изд., — СПб: КАРО, 2005. — 544 с. — (Английский язык для школьников).

Вопрос

Учимся формировать общие вопросительные предложения в Present Perfect:

Вспомогательный глагол	Подлежащее: существительное или местоимение	Сказуемое: глагол
Have	I, you, we, they students (they)  my family and I (we)	глагол в третьей форме (V3) played, studied, worked
Has	he, she, it Bob (he) Mary (she) dog (it)

• Have people (they) travelled to space? — Люди путешествовали в космос?
• Has Bob (he) studied architecture? — Боб изучал архитектуру?
• Has Mary (she) read this book? — Мэри читала эту книгу?
• Have you bought a car? — Ты купил машину?

На вопросы приходится отвечать. В английском нельзя ответить просто yes или no, в ответе нужно использовать вспомогательный глагол: 

Как запомнить. Слушайте внимательно вопрос, в нем всегда есть элементы ответа. В вопросе «Has Mary bought a car?» уже есть вспомогательный глагол has и Mary (she). Это поможет ответить правильно: Yes, she has. 

Часто вопрос начинается со специального вопросительного слова: 

• when — когда
• who — кто
• where — где
• why — почему 

Примеры отрицательных предложений

Отрицательная форма в Present Perfect образуется с помощью частицы not после глагола have/has и глагола с окончанием -ed или в третьей форме.

Вместо частицы not может использоваться слово never (никогда). Хотя в русском языке мы используем частицу не после никогда «я никогда не…», в английском слова never достаточно. Например: I have not been there (Я не был там) — I have never been there (Я никогда не был там).

В разговорной речи распространена сокращенная форма: have not — haven’t, has not — hasn’t.

Полная форма	Сокращенная форма	Перевод
I have not received any letter.	I haven’t received any letter.	Я не получил накакого письма.
They have not been to the museum yet.	They haven’t been to the museum yet.	Они еще не были в музее.
We have not seen them lately.	We haven’t seen them lately.	Мы их не видели в последнее время.
I have not thought of it since yesterday.	I haven’t thought of it since yesterday.	Я не думал об этом со вчера.
My parents have not used Skype before.	My parents haven’t used Skype before.	Мои родители раньше не пользовались скайпом.
She has not come back from school yet.	She hasn’t come back from school yet.	Она еще не вернулась из школы.)
He has not lost his ticket.	He hasn’t lost his ticket.	Он не потерял свой билет.
The plane has not taken off yet.	The plane hasn’t taken off yet.	Самолет еще не взлетел.
Lola has not been there for 5 years.	Lola hasn’t been there for 5 years.	Лола не была там 5 лет.
Nick has not finished his exam yet.	Nick hasn’t finished his exam yet.	Ник еще не закончил свой экзамен.

Времена группы Present (Simple, Continuous, Perfect, Perfect Continuous) — повторение

Упражнение (вводное). Выберите время глагола действия Present Simple, Present Continuous, Present Perfect или Present Perfect Continuous, которое вы бы использовали для перевода на английский язык следующих предложений:

Какая характеристика у глагола-действия в предложениях 1-4?

Вы можете проверить себя  — ОТВЕТЫ в конце урока.

Обратите внимание, что Present Simple, Present Continuous and Present Perfect Continuous переводятся на русский язык НАСТОЯЩИМ временем глагола, а

Present Perfect – ПРОШЕДШИМ временем глагола.

Итак, подведем итог:

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Времена группы Present (Simple, Continuous, Perfect, Perfect Continuous). Упражнения

Упражнение 1.  Сопоставьте время глагола и временное выражение (некоторые используются дважды):

Look! (2)  ever, always  (2), never (2), seldom, often, now, nowadays, usually, at the moment, yet, already, just, recently,  lately,  every day, on Mondays, tonight, today (2), regularly, sometimes, once a year, once a week, Listen! (2) How long…? for (2), since (2), these days, still, etc.

 * * *

Упражнение 2. Раскройте скобки, чтобы получить Present Simple или Present Perfect.

* * *

Упражнение 3. Раскройте скобки, чтобы получить Present Simple, Present Continuous или Present Perfect.

* * *

Упражнение 4. Раскройте скобки, чтобы получить Present Simple, Present Continuous, Present Perfect Continuous или Present Perfect.

1. Is Andy here? – I don’t know, I … (not see) him today.
2. Where … you … (go)? – To the library.
3. Would you like to borrow this magazine? – No, thanks. I  … (read) it before.
4. Betty’s bus … (arrive) at 5 o’clock. I must go and meet her at the bus station.
5. Have you seen my record book? I … (look) for it all the morning.
6. Mike … (talk) to his friend for an hour already.
7. More and more forests  … (disappear) because of fires nowadays. (Времена, уровень 3)
8. How long … you … (work) on this problem?
9. The first lesson  … (not finish) at 9.45. 
10.  They … (play) football tonight.
11.  Linda is disappointed. She … (fail) her test.
12. School … (prepare) children for life.
13.  We  … (have) a party next Saturday night. Will you come?
14.  … you  … (try) to take photos? It’s not allowed, you know.
15.  … you … (remember) where he … (work)?

Ответы вы найдете в конце урока.

(уровень 2, средний)

Данный тест взят из Сборника для подготовки к экзамену по английскому языку за 9 класс (уровень pre-intermediate). СКАЧАТЬ более сложные тесты на времена группы Present.

Поздравляем!
 Если вы выполнили тест без затруднений, то вы хорошо поняли основные правила, по которым «работают» времена группы Present. Изучайте дальше английскую грамматику (уровень intermediate) Успехов вам!

* * *

ОТВЕТЫ

Для получения доступа, пожалуйста, оформите подписку «ОТВЕТЫ»

Present Perfect Key Words

There are some key words used with the present perfect that include the following:

• For
• Since
• Already
• Yet
• Still

For

For is used for periods of time. Some examples of time are years, days, or hours.

Examples:

• I have been a teacher for 4 years.
• Karen has lived in Toronto for 8 years.
• They have been here for 2 hours.

Since

Since is used for specific dates.

Examples:

• I have been a teacher since
• Karen has lived in Toronto since
• They have been here since 5:00 pm.

Watch how for and since are similar but different.

• I have been a teacher since 2004. I have been a teacher for 9 years.
• He has not eaten since 3 pm. He has not eaten in 6 hours.

To practice the difference between for and since, use this test:

 Yet

“Yet” is for negative sentences and questions. It always goes at the end of the sentence. Here are some examples:

Negative Sentences

• I have not eaten dinner yet.
• She has not seen that movie yet.
• They have not arrived yet.

 Questions

• Have you eaten dinner yet?
• Has he seen that movie yet?
• Has Tina arrived yet?

Already

“Already” is for affirmative sentences. It can go at the end of a sentence:

• I have eaten dinner already.
• She has taken the test already.
• Dan and Jen have had breakfast already.

It also goes between the auxiliary and the main verb:

• I have already eaten dinner.
• She has already taken the test.
• Dan and Jen have already had breakfast.

Here are some more examples:

• She has already
• He has left already.
• Jake and Fred have already finished their work.

 Still

Still is for negative sentences. It goes before the auxiliary verb.  Here are some examples:

• I still have not eaten dinner.
• She still has not arrived.
• Chris still hasn’t woken up.

To practice the difference between already, still, and yet, try this test:

Правильные глаголы: добавляем окончание -ed

Look, play, call — это правильные глаголы. В Present Perfect к ним нужно добавлять окончание -ed:

look => looked (смотрел)

play => played (играл)

call => called (звонил)

Вспомним правила присоединения окончания -ed к глаголу. 

• Если глагол заканчивается на согласную и оканчивается на -y (study, try), буква -y меняется на -i: studied, tried.
• Если глагол заканчивается на гласную и оканчивается на -y (play, stay), буква -y не меняется: played, stayed. 
• Если глагол из одного слога заканчивается на согласную (кроме буквы -x), а перед ним стоит гласная (beg, stop), последняя буква удваивается: begged, stopped. 
• Если глагол из нескольких слогов заканчивается на согласную, а перед ним стоит ударная гласная (fulfil, refer), последняя буква удваивается: fulfilled, referred. 

А еще окончание -ed звучит по-разному с глаголами. Тренируем произношение:

• I have lived in London. — Я жил в Лондоне.
• Mary (she) has already finished cleaning. — Мэри уже закончила убираться.
• Students (they) have tried to pass exam. — Студенты пытались сдать экзамен.

Exercise 6. Сделайте из данных предложений вопросительные.

1. We have been to the theatre.
2.  I have painted the walls in my bedroom.
3.  Richard has turned on the radio.
4.  They have explained this rule to me.
5. Amy and Ron have gone to play tennis.
6. Molly has made a cup of tea.
7.  His parents have gone to the market.
8. Nelly has typed three letters.
9.  The parrot has flown away.
10.  The students have prepared for the exams.

Answers: 1.Have we been to the theatre? 2. I have painted the walls in my bedroom. 3. Has Richard turned on the radio? 4. Have they explained this rule to me? 5. Have Amy and Ron gone to play tennis? 6. Has Molly made a cup of tea? 7. Have his parents gone to the market? 8. Has Nelly typed three letters? 9. Has the parrot flown away? 10. Have the students prepared for the exams?